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Wednesday, September 19, 2012

Paragraph New



Acid rain

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere with positive results. Nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes and sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. The chemicals in acid rain can cause paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and erosion of stone statues.

Bangladesh Premier League (B P L)

 Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Bangladesh, based on the format of the other international Premier League such as EPL, Pro20, Big Bash & IPL. The first edition of the tournament started on 10 February 2012 with six franchises consisting of players from around the world.
Like other successful premier leagues Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) decided to organize its own professional T20 league with a similar concept.
The BCB selected Game On from three Indians firms who had submitted a financial offer to manage the tournament. BCB spokesman Jalal Yunus said: "Initially Game On will deposit the proportionate amount of guaranteed money for two seasons to our account," he said after an emergency BCB meeting. Twenty20 cricket is becoming increasingly popular in Bangladesh since neighboring India launched the IPL four years ago.
The winner of this tournament will qualify for the Champions League Twenty20[citation needed]. Dhaka Gladiators were the inaugural champions of the BPL
The inaugural season of the tournament will start on 9 February on 2012 with an opening ceremony with the first match to start on 10 February 2012 and will finish with the final on 29 February 2012. A total of 33 matches are scheduled, all of which will be played at two stadiums, Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium and Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium. Each team will play each team twice, both at home and away in a round robin system. The top four teams at the end of the round robin stage will progress to the knockout stage. Sylhet and Chittagong failed to progress to the semi finals. Dhaka and Barisal reached semi finals. Afterwards, Dhaka took the champions trophy beating Barisal at final
There are five ways that a franchise can acquire a player. In the annual auction, buying domestic players, signing uncapped players, through trading and buying replacements. In the trading window players can only be traded with his consent. The franchise will have to pay the difference between the old contract price and the new contract price. If the new contract is worth more than the older one then the difference will be shared between the player and the franchise selling the player.
Each team will consist of 18 players with a maximum of 8 international players, up to 5 of which will be allowed to play in a match.
Each team must contain atleast one Associate player, reflecting on Bangladesh's own history as an Associate. A total of six Associate players have been signed, one each by the six franchises.


War Criminals of Bangladesh


The liberation war of Bangladesh was a history of genocide by Pakistan Army. Pakistani military forces required military support from their Bengali supporters who still wants to live with Pakistan in the movement; as well as the non-Bengali muhajirs in order to abolish the freedom fighters of Bangladesh. Therefore Rajakar, Al Badar, Al Shams and peace committee were formed through Islamic fundamentalist parties including Jama´at E Islami, proclaiming jihad against Indians, to seek unity among the population for the two wings of Pakistan, in the name of religion.
Thus people involved with these troops and the bengali friends of Pakistani Army known as Rajakars were involved in mass killing, rape and torture of women and children and other war crimes.
We have collected the list of all criminals of Bangladesh to let the World know their past so that they can be put to the law for their war crimes and crimes against humanity.


Email:

Electronic mail or simply E-mail is very much popular now-a-days for its speedy transmission of information's and cost effectiveness. Hence information provided by a sender is delivered asynchronously to a point where it can be retrieved and processed later on by one or more recipients of the sender's choice. In an E-Mail system, there is a number and the sender keeps on dialing the desired number till he/she is successful. Once it is connected, the PC terminal of the sender sends the message to the PC terminal of the recipient at a very high speed. There is no need of any physical presence of both the sender and the receiver. The sender can enter the message and the receiver can retrieve it whenever he/she is free. The message will remain in PC's memory. The transmission of messages is usually done through landlines (telephones) or satellite communications or through marine cables. E-mail has lot of advantages to its credit. It is cost effective. Very less money is required In comparison to other transmission device. It is time saver. Within very short time messages can be sent. There is no need of presence of either the sender or the receiver. Once the message is entered into PC’s it will remain in the receiver PC's memory.  E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten Times faster than telex. There is the system of using password which each subscriber can choose to use. Hence E-mail gives security of message.
 Electronic voting machines (E  V M)

Electronic voting machines are absolutely necessary for all elections. Not only do these machines provide a haven of privacy for voters, the machines additionally act as a safeguard for the votes casted. Electronic voting machines are also much more efficient than alternative means of ballot counting. These machines are the future of voting.
Electronic voting is not necessary and if possible should not be used in elections. Most developed countries do not use electronic voting and a few have banned it, including Germany and the Netherlands.
 VotersUnite.org reports that: Flawed and failing computerized vote-counters have been reported in hundreds of news stories, experienced by thousands of voters, caused millions of dollars in official investigations and studies ... and yet the equipment is still in use in virtually every jurisdiction in the United States.
 See a database of failures of electronic voting in the United States and you will wonder why we still use computers.
 Because of drastic failures with electronic voting - 4,400 votes permanently lost in Carteret County NC in Nov 2004, 18,000 under votes for the FL 13 Congressional race in Sarasota in 2006, and more - many states at least require that ballots be voter marked. At least with a voter marked paper ballot, even if a machine counts the ballot, there is a way to audit the results to check for computer errors or to do a recount if software flips the results.
 Many states have banned paperless voting but the votes are still tallied by computers and still vulnerable to errors or fraud.
 Federal Standards allow for these voting machines to fail up to nearly 10% of the time in a single voting day. Clearly our standards are too low and failing us.


Electronic voting machines (E  V M)

Electronic voting machines are absolutely necessary for all elections. Not only do these machines provide a haven of privacy for voters, the machines additionally act as a safeguard for the votes casted. Electronic voting machines are also much more efficient than alternative means of ballot counting. These machines are the future of voting.
Electronic voting is not necessary and if possible should not be used in elections. Most developed countries do not use electronic voting and a few have banned it, including Germany and the Netherlands.
 VotersUnite.org reports that: Flawed and failing computerized vote-counters have been reported in hundreds of news stories, experienced by thousands of voters, caused millions of dollars in official investigations and studies ... and yet the equipment is still in use in virtually every jurisdiction in the United States.
 See a database of failures of electronic voting in the United States and you will wonder why we still use computers.
 Because of drastic failures with electronic voting - 4,400 votes permanently lost in Carteret County NC in Nov 2004, 18,000 under votes for the FL 13 Congressional race in Sarasota in 2006, and more - many states at least require that ballots be voter marked. At least with a voter marked paper ballot, even if a machine counts the ballot, there is a way to audit the results to check for computer errors or to do a recount if software flips the results.
 Many states have banned paperless voting but the votes are still tallied by computers and still vulnerable to errors or fraud.
 Federal Standards allow for these voting machines to fail up to nearly 10% of the time in a single voting day. Clearly our standards are too low and failing us.

How to Keep a Diary 

Keeping a diary is a great way to express our emotions on paper and treasure experiences. Years from now, we'll wonder what we were doing years ago. A diary will remind us of the good - and bad - times we had in our past. A diary can also help vent out anger and frustration as well as excitement. It is a great way to express our feelings and pour out our heart when we're sad or when we  just need someone to tell our innermost thoughts to. Firstly, we have to write in some basic information about ourself on the first page. We could include our name, our age, our best friend, our occupation or school grade, and a few of our hobbies and favorite things. Secondly, we have to start our first entry by labeling the top with the weekday and date, the time, and possibly where you were when writing that entry. Thirdly, we don't be afraid to even give our diary a name. Fourthly, we  can write our frustrations and celebrations, but also write everyday things about our schedule, our friends, and the things we like to do. Then we have to start again if we have a break from writing. If we do skip a day, days, or even weeks, don't worry about it. Just start in again from the current day. Next we have to read our old entries every so often and see what we  think now in comparison to then. At last we have to make sure of  hide it too. It's a personal diary so it needs to be safe.

The National Memorial

National Martyrs' Memorial is one of the greatest monuments in the history of Bangladesh. It is located at Savar, about 35 km north-west of Dhaka, symbolizes the velour and sacrifice of the martyrs who laid down their lives for the liberation of Bangladesh. It was designed by Syed Mainul Hossain. Plans for the monument were initiated right after the independence, in 1972. The main structure and the artificial lake and other facilities were completed in 1982. The monument is composed of 7 isosceles triangular pyramid shaped structures, with the middle one being the tallest. The highest point of the monument is 150 feet. There is an artificial lake, and several mass graves in front of the main monument. The architect has used concrete for the monument while all the other structures and pavements of the complex are made of red bricks. It symbolizes that it is built with concrete but made of blood. Once one enters the complex through the main gate he or she can see the monument axially but to reach it one has to walk through different ups and downs of pavements and cross an artificial lake by a bridge-all these represent the struggle for independence. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters: close to the tower. Standing in front of the graves we bow down our heads in respect, as the towers soar up symbolizing the loftiness of their spirit.



Paragraph writing Tips


Paragraph writing:
Topic Sentence                                                                                                                                                                    1

What is the topic sentence?
The topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph.
What does it do?
It introduces the main idea of the paragraph.
How do I write one?
Summarize the main idea of your paragraph. Indicate to the reader what your paragraph will be about.
Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

Supporting Detail
What are supporting sentences?
They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph.
What do they do?
They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph.
How do I write them?
You should give supporting facts, details, and examples.
Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

Closing Sentence
What is the closing sentence?
The closing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph.
What does it do?
It restates the main idea of your paragraph.
How do I write one?
Restate the main idea of the paragraph using different words.
Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

Prewriting Paragraphs
What is the prewriting stage?
The prewriting stage is when you think carefully and organize your ideas for your paragraph before you begin writing.
Six Prewriting Steps:
1. Think carefully about what you are going to write. Ask yourself: What question am I going to answer in this paragraph or essay? How can I best answer this question? What is the most important part of my answer? How can I make an introductory sentence (or thesis statement) from the most important part of my answer? What facts or ideas can I use to support my introductory sentence? How can I make this paragraph or essay interesting? Do I need more facts on this topic? Where can I find more facts on this topic?
2. Open your notebook. Write out your answers to the above questions. You do not need to spend a lot of time doing this; just write enough to help you remember why and how you are going to write your paragraph or essay.
3. Collect facts related to your paragraph or essay topic. Look for and write down facts that will help you to answer your question. Timesaving hint: make sure the facts you are writing are related to the exact question you are going to answer in your paragraph or essay.
4. Write down your own ideas. Ask yourself: What else do I want to say about this topic? Why should people be interested in this topic? Why is this topic important?
5. Find the main idea of your paragraph or essay. Choose the most important point you are going to present. If you cannot decide which point is the most important, just choose one point and stick to it throughout your paragraph or essay.
6. Organize your facts and ideas in a way that develops your main idea. Once you have chosen the most important point of your paragraph or essay, you must find the best way to tell your reader about it. Look at the facts you have written. Look at your own ideas on the topic. Decide which facts and ideas will best support the main idea of your paragraph. Once you have chosen the facts and ideas you plan to use, ask yourself which order to put them in the paragraph. Write down your own note set that you can use to guide yourself as you write your paragraph or essay.

writing Paragraphs
What is the writing stage?
The writing stage is when you turn your ideas into sentences.
Five Writing Steps:
1. Open your notebook and word processor.
2. Write the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and closing sentence.
3. Write clear and simple sentences to express your meaning.
4. Focus on the main idea of your paragraph.
5. Use the dictionary to help you find additional words to express your ideas.


Editing Paragraphs                                                                                                                                                             2
What is the editing stage?
The editing stage is when you check your paragraph for mistakes and correct them.
Grammar and Spelling
1. Check your spelling.
2. Check your grammar.
3. Read your essay again.
4. Make sure each sentence has a subject.
5. See if your subjects and verbs agree with each other.
6. Check the verb tenses of each sentence.
7. Make sure that each sentence makes sense.

Style and Organization
1. Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence.
2. Make sure your supporting sentences focus on the main idea.
3. Make sure you have a closing sentence.
4. Check that all your sentences focus on the main idea.
5. See if your paragraph is interesting.

Publishing Paragraphs
What is the publishing stage?
The publishing stage is when you produce a final copy of your paragraph to hand in.
Three Publishing Steps:
1. Make a paper copy of your paragraph.
2. Show your work to your teacher, tutor, or parents.
3. Ask them for hints on how to improve your writing.

Definition Paragraph
When writing a definition paragraph, you take a thing or an idea and explain what it is.
Example:
Write a paragraph giving the definition of a pest.
The following words can help you to write a good definition paragraph:
1. "is defined as"
Example:
A pest is defined as any animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.
2. "is a kind of"
Example:
A pest is a kind of animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property.
Classification Paragraph
When writing a classification paragraph, you group things or ideas into specific categories.
Example:     Write a paragraph discussing two types of energy resources.
The following words can help you to write a good classification paragraph:
Helper Words:

is a kind of
Coal is a kind of non-renewable resource.
can be divided into
Energy resources can be divided into two types.
is a type of
Coal is a type of non-renewable resource.
falls under
Coal falls under the category of non-renewable resources.
belongs to
Coal belongs to the category of non-renewable resources.
is a part of
Coal is a part of the category of non-renewable resources.
fits into
Coal fits into the category of non-renewable resources.
is grouped with
Coal is grouped with non-renewable resources.
is related to                                                                                                                                                                         3
Coal is related to other non-renewable resources.
is associated with
Coal is associated with other non-renewable resources.
Description Paragraph

In a description paragraph, you are writing about what a person, place, or thing is like. Sometimes, you may describe where a place is located.
Examples:
Write a paragraph describing what a polar bear looks like.
Describe where Canada's industry is located.
The following words can help you to write a good description paragraph:
Helper Words:
Properties
Measurement
Analogy
Location








Properties
size
Example:     Polar bears are big in size.
colour
Example:     Polar bears are usually white in colour.
shape
Example:     Polar bears have a special shape.
purpose
Example:     The purpose of the polar bear's fur is to keep it warm.

Measurement
length
Example:     The length of a polar bear's claws is 20 cm.
width
Example:     The width of a polar bear's head is about 50 cm.
mass / weight
Example:     Polar bears weigh up to 650 kg.
speed
Example:     Polar bears can swim at a speed of 40 km per hour.
Analogy
is like
Example:     A polar bear is like other bears in shape.
resembles
Example:     A polar bear resembles other bears in shape.
Location
in
Example:     Most of Canada's manufacturing is located in Ontario and Quebec.
above
Example:     The ceiling is above us.
below
Example:     Most of Ontario is below Hudson Bay.
beside
Example:     Quebec is located beside Ontario.
near
Example:     Many companies are located near Toronto.
north / east / south / west
Example:     Ontario is west of Quebec.
Compare and Contrast Paragraph
In a compare and contrast paragraph, you write about the similarities and differences between two or more people, places, things, or ideas.
Example:  Write a paragraph comparing the weather in Vancouver and Halifax.
The following words can help you to write a good compare and contrast paragraph:
Helper Words:
Similarities
Differences


                                                                                                                                                                                        4
Similarities
is similar to
Example:   Spring weather in Vancouver is similar to spring weather in Halifax.
both
Example:   Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring.
also
Example:   Halifax also has a rainy spring season.
too
Example:   Halifax has a rainy spring season, too.
as well
Example:   As well, Halifax has rainy spring season.
Differences
on the other hand
Example:   On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax.
however
Example:   However, winter is much colder in Halifax.
but
Example:   Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one.
in contrast to
Example:   In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter.

differs from
Example:   Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter.
while
Example:   While Vancouver has a mild winter, Halifax has a cold winter.
sequence Paragraph


In a sequencing paragraph, you are writing to describe a series of events or a process in some sort of order. Usually, this order is based on time.
Example:   Write a paragraph outlining how a person becomes the prime minister.
The following words can help you to write a good sequence paragraph.
Helper Words:
Order
Time




Order
first, second, third, etc.
Example:   First, you need to become a leader of a political party. Second, you need to win a seat in the House of Commons. Third, your party must have a majority of seats.
in the beginning
Example:   In the beginning, you need to become a leader of a political party.
before
Example:   Before becoming the prime minister, you need to become the leader of a political party.
then
Example:   Then, you must win a seat in the House of Commons.
after
Example:   After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats.
finally
Example:   Finally, after all these steps, you can call yourself the prime minister.
at last
Example:   At last, you can call yourself the prime minister.
subsequently
Example:   Subsequently, you must make sure you have a majority of seats in the House of Commons.


Time
recently
Example:   She was recently elected prime minister.
previously
Example:   She is the new prime minister. Previously, she worked as a lawyer in Toronto.
afterwards
Example:   She won the party leadership last year. Afterwards, she won the election.
when
Example:   When she won the party leadership, she was still working as a lawyer.                                                                                                       After                                                                                                                                                                                     5
Example:   After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats.

Choice Paragraph
In a paragraph where you have to make a choice, you need to choose which object, idea, or action that you prefer. Often, you will need to give your opinion on a choice of actions or events.
Example:    Write a paragraph stating whether you would prefer to play hockey or lacrosse.
The following words can help you to write a good choice paragraph:
Helper Words:
Point of View
Personal Opinion


 




Point of View
in my opinion
Example:     In my opinion, hockey is more fun than lacrosse.
belief
Example:     My belief is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.
idea
Example:     My idea is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.
understanding
Example:     My understanding is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse.
I think that
Example:     I think that I would prefer to play hockey and not lacrosse.
I consider
Example:     I consider hockey to be more exciting than lacrosse.
I believe
Example:     I believe hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.
it seems to me
Example: It seems to me that hockey is more exciting than lacrosse.
I prefer
Example: I prefer hockey over lacrosse.
Personal Opinions
like/dislike
Example: I like the sport of hockey because it is fast and exciting.
hope
Example: I hope that I can play hockey in the future.
feel
Example: I feel that hockey is my favorite sport.
Explanation Paragraph
In an explanation paragraph, you need to explain how or why something happens. Very often in social studies class, you will be asked to explore causes and effects of certain events.
Example:     Write a paragraph explaining why so many Europeans moved to Canada during the nineteenth century.
The following words can help you to write a good explanation paragraph:
Helper Words:

Cause
Effect



Cause
because
Example:   People moved to Canada from Europe during the nineteenth century because they had poor living conditions in Europe.
Since                                                                                                                                                                                    6
Example:   Since living conditions in Europe were terrible, many people moved to Canada.
as a result of
Example:   People moved to Canada from Europe as a result of poor living conditions in Europe.
is due to / was due to
Example:   The large influx of people to Canada was due to economic pressures in Europe.
Effect
therefore
Example:   Living conditions in Europe were terrible. Therefore, many people moved to Canada for a better life.
thus
Example:   Living conditions in Europe were terrible. Thus, many people moved to Canada for a better life.
consequently
Example:   Living conditions were terrible in Europe. Consequently, many people moved to Canada.
hence
Example:   Living conditions were terrible in Europe. Hence, many people moved to Canada.
it follows that
Example:   Living conditions were terrible in Europe. It follows that many people moved to Canada.
if ... then
Example:   If living conditions were better in Europe, then fewer people would have moved to Canada.
Evaluation Paragraph
In an evaluation paragraph, you make judgments about people, ideas, and possible actions. You need to make your evaluation based on certain criteria that you develop. In the paragraph, you will state your evaluation or recommendation and then support it by referring to your criteria.
Example:   Write a paragraph evaluating whether pesticides should be used on farms.
The following words can help you to write a good evaluation paragraph:
Helper Words
Criteria for Evaluation
Recommendation


Criteria
good / bad
Example:   The use of pesticides such as DDT is bad for the environment.
correct / incorrect
Example:   The belief that pesticides must be used is incorrect.
moral / immoral
Example:   The use of pesticides to control pests is immoral because it harms the environment.
right / wrong
Example:   It is wrong to use pesticides because they harm the environment.
important / trivial
Example:   The issue of pesticides is an important one because it affects the environment.

Recommendation
suggest
Example:   I suggest that pesticides should not be used to control pests.
recommend
Example:   I recommend that pesticides should not be used because they are harmful to the environment.
advise
Example:   I would advise farmers not to use pesticides if possible.
argue
Example:   I would argue that pesticides should not be used because they harm the environment.

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