Usage of Pronoun
Rule - 01:
Verb এর Subject হিসেবে যদি কোন Pronoun আসে তাহলে Nominative form হবে আর verb এর object হিসেবে যদি কোন Pronoun আসে তাহলে objective form হবে।
For
Example:
He
and they followed me and her.
I
saw her at the play.
Rule - 02:
Infinitive, Gerund কিংবা Participle এর Object হিসেবে যদি কোন Pronoun আসে তাহলে ঐ Pronoun টিকে objective form করে use করতে হবে।
For
Example:
They
tried to follow me.
I
want to see him.
After
dropping Sumi and her, I came here.
Rule - 03:
Subject + verb + Objective pronoun/noun +
Infinitive (to+verb). অর্থাৎ tell, order, oblige, compel, allow, permit,
teach, instruct, warn, urge, advise, tempt, encourage, request, forbid, show,
how, remind, etc এর পর Object +
Infinitive বসে।
For
Example:
The
commander ordered them to go.
She
showed them how to play on harmonium.
Rule - 04:
Preposition এর object হিসেবে যদি কোন Pronoun আস তাহলে ঐ Pronoun টিকে objective form এ use করতে হবে।
For
Example:
He
always looks after me.
You
can depend on him and her.
কিছু Uncommon
Word [between, among, except, like, but (=except), behind, beneath etc.] আছে যারা Preposition হিসেবে কাজ করে। অর্থাৎ, এদের পরে ও objective form বসে।
Distribute
these mangoes between you and me.
Students
like us should not do this.
Rule - 05:
Be verb (am, is, are, was, were etc.) এর complement হিসেবে যদি কোন Pronoun আস তাহলে ঐ Pronoun টি Nominative form হবে।
For
Example:
It
is he who did this.
Hers
is she.
*
It was us who had left before he arrived.
(2007-08 2005-2006 Ga-Unit)
A.
us who had left before he arrived.
@B.
we who had left before he arrived.
C.
we who had went before he arrived.
D.
us who had went before he arrived
E.
we who had left before the time he had arrived.
*
Fill in the gap with any one of the following-
(1999-2000 Ga-Unit)
It
was – who first noticed the difference.
A.
me @B. I
C.
myself D. meself
Rule - 06:
Who/Whom এর ব্যব্হার :
Who
+ Verb ------
Whom
+ Noun/ Pronoun-----
Verb এর Subject হিসেবে কোন প্রকার চিন্তাভাবনা ছাড়াই
who use করতে হবে। আর Noun/pronoun
এর সাথে whom use
করতে হবে কারণ এ ক্ষেত্রে
whom টি verb এর object হয়।
For
Example:
I
know the man who is waiting for you.
You
are the lady whom he wants.
কিন্তু নিচের
example টির মত ও অনেক sentence পাওয়া যায়।
You
are the lady who I think is waiting for me.
For
Example:
Tell
this who/whom looks confident.
Tell
this who/whom you find.
Tell
this who/whom you think is confident.
*
Indicate the error, if any, in the underlined words. (C Unit 2002 – 2003)
He
was author whom
A
I belived
B
was most likely
C
to receive
D
the Ekushe award.
E
No Error
*
Choose the correct option- ( B Unit 1999-00 )
A.
Give the work to whichever looks idle.
B.
Give the work to whom looks idle.
C.
Give the work to whomsoever looks idle.
@D.
Give the work to whoever looks idle.
Rule - 07:
Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) এর পরে Verb সবসময় তার antecedent
অনুযায়ী হবে অর্থাৎ relative pronoun এর immediately
আগে যে Noun বা pronoun আছে সেটা অনুযায়ী হবে।
For
Example:
It
is you who are responsible for this.
I
have lost the books which were bought from this store.
It
is I who am your friend.
[Here
the verb after the relative pronoun is determined by I]
Rule - 08:
Relative Pronoun সবসময় তার antecedent এর পাশেই বসে।
For
Example:
Inc:
The man will be punished who has done this .
Corr:
The man who has done this will be punished .
*
Choose the correct sentence: (C Unit
2009 – 2010)
The
fact money orders can usually be easily cashed
has made them a popular form of payment.
A.
of B. that C. is that
D.
which is E. of the matter that
*
Choose the correct sentence: (D Unit
2005 – 2006)
A.
The man that said that was a fool.
@B.
The man who said that was a fool.
C.
The man, that said that, was a fool.
D.
The man which said that was a fool.
*
Select the correct sentence. (D Unit
2003 – 2004)
A.
The man was tall who stole my bag.
B.
The man stole my bag who was tall.
C.
The man stole my bag who is tall.
@D.
The man who stole my bag was tall.
Rule - 09:
Subordinate clause কখনই এবং কোন অবস্থায় question করা যাবে না। আর এ কারনে Subordinate
clause
এ কখনই Subject এর আগে verb আসবে না।
For
Example:
Do
you know where is he? (Incorrect)
Do
you know where he is? (Correct)
What
should you do is nothing. (Incorrect)
What
you should do is nothing. (Correct)
Identify
the correct sentence. (D Unit 2009-2010)
A.
Do you know when the results will be published?
B.
Do you know when will the results be published?
C.
Do you know when will published the results?
D.
Do you know when the results will published?
Identify
the correct sentence. (D Unit 2001-2002)
A.
I do not now where he lives.
B.
I do not know where does he live.
C.
I did not now where he has been lived.
D.
I do not know where he has been lived.
Which
of the following is correct? (D Unit
2001-2002)
A.
Do you know where does he live?
B.
Do you know where he lives?
C.
Do you know where does he lives?
D.
Do you know he lives where?
I'm
trying to calculate..... (D Unit 2004-2005)
A.
how many money you owe me
B.
you owe me how much money
C.
you owe me how many money
D.
how much money you owe me
Rule - 10:
They কিংবা them কখনই কোন Relative Pronoun এর antecedent হতে পারে না । সেক্ষেত্রে They কিংবা them না হয়ে those হয়।
For
Example:
God
helps those who help themselves.
Those
who are guilty will be punished.
Rule - 11:
যদি Subject
plural হয় তবে sentence
এর verb এবং possessive উভয়ই plural হয়। আবার যদি
Subject
singular হয় তবে sentence
এর verb এবং possessive উভয়ই singular হয়।
For
Example:
They
are going to their college.
He
is going to his college.
* Subject অনুপাতে sentence এর possessive হয়।
For
Example:
One
should study one’s lesson
One
must do one’s duty.
*
The more hemoglobin one has, the more oxygen is carried to ---- cells. (D Unit
2002 – 04)
A.
its B. our
C.
their D. one's
Rule - 12:
Verb এর Subject হিসেবে যদি কোন Clause আসে যেখানে clause টি একটি fact কে represent করে সে ক্ষেত্রে clause marker হিসেবে বেশিরভাগ ক্ষেত্রে আমরা that কে use করি।
অর্থাৎ That
Clause কোন Verb এর Subject হিসেবে use হতে পারে।
For
Example:
That
he is poor is known to me.
*
----- Nannu is a good cricketer is known to all- (1999-2000 D -Unit)
A.
Our B. Which
C.
Therefore @D. That.
*
Which one is correct? (C Unit 1994-1995)
A.
The theme of this novel is how money does
not make you happy.
@B.
The theme of this novel is that money does
not make you happy.
C.
In this novel, that money does not make you
happy is the theme.
D.
In this novel its theme is how money does not make you happy.
Rule - 13:
Gerund এর আগে যদি কোন Pronoun হয় তাহলে ঐ Pronoun টি Possessive form এ হয়।
For
Example:
She
regrets her leaving
আর যদি
Infinitive
এর আগে কোন Pronoun হয় সে ক্ষেত্রে Pronoun টি
Objective
form এ হবে।
For
Example:
We
ordered him to appear in the court .
Rule - 14:
Complement এর মধে যদি এমন কোন Pronoun থাকে যেটি Subject কে নির্দেশ করে, সেক্ষেত্রে
Pronoun টি Reflexive form এ হবে।
For
Example:
He
tried to console himself.
I
did it myself.
Rule - 15:
নিচের Pronoun এর বিভিন্ন form গুলো খেয়াল করো এবং পার্থক্য বোঝার চেষ্টা করো এবং এদেরকে use করার সময় সাতর্কভাবে use কর।
he’s
= he is
his
= possessive form of he
who’s
= who is
whose
= possessive form of who
they’re
= they are
their
= possessive form of they.
*
Choose the correct sentence. (C Unit
2003 – 2004)
A.
Jahir's the guy who giving us a ride
B.
Jahir's the guy he giving us a ride.
C.
Jahir's the guy whose giving us a ride
@D.
Jahir's the guy who's giving us a ride
E.
Jahir the guy who giving us a ride.
N.B.: প্রত্যেকটি Pronoun কোন না কোন Noun এর পরিবর্তে বসে। অর্থাৎ প্রত্যেক Pronoun এর অবশ্যই antecedent থাকে।
এক্ষেত্রে ঐ Pronoun এর সাথে antecedent এর Number, Person এবং Gender অনুযায়ী মিল বা সঙ্গতি থাকতে হবে।
Rule - 16:
বাংলায় ( আমি, তুমি ও সে ) বলা হয়, কিন্তু ইংরেজিতে (তুমি, সে ও আমি ) এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
For
Example: You, he and I are to organize the show.
*
Which one of the following sentences is correct? (C Unit 1999-2000)
A.
Selim, you and I shall be punished.
B.
I, you and Selim shall be punished.
C.
You, me and Selim shall be punished.
@D.
You, Selim and I shall be punished.
* আবার দোষ স্বীকার করলে ( আমি, তুমি ও সে) এভাবেই ব্যবহৃত হয়।
For
Example: I, you and he are in the wrong
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