Farther Rules of Right form of verb

Farther Rules

The phrase connected with a preposition does not affect on determining the antecedent of a sentence.

The students of this class have learnt their lessons.

# When antecedents are preceded by each, either, neither, every, many a, the pronoun should be always singular.

Each of the boys has done his duty.

When locating the antecedent, ignore explanatory phrases beginning with as well as, in addition to, and not, together with, accompanied by or with, rather than etc. Here pronoun should be according to its real antecedent.

Jony, as well as his brother, is on his way.

Collective nouns such as committee jury, faculty, class, crowd, army etc. May be either singer or plural depending upon their meaning in the sentence. So when you are referring to that group as a single unit, use a singular pronoun.

The class had its picture taken.

The Jury brought in their split verdict.

AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT

So, too, and also have the same meaning but so is used before auxiliary verbs and too and also are used after auxiliary verbs.

* When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of the verb be is used in the simple statement the follows.

affirmative statement (be)+and + subject +verb (be)+too so + verb (be) + subject

My wife is happy, and I am too.

My wife is happy and so am I.

* When a compound verb (auxiliary + verb), for example:-

will go, should do, has done, have written, must examine, etc, occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple statement, and the subject and verb must agree.

affirmative statement + and + subject + auxiliary only + too

so +auxiliary only + subject

They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too.

They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you.

* When any verb except be appears without any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did is used in the simple statement. The subject and verb must agree and the tense must be the same.

affirmative statement +and +subject + do, does, or did+too

                                  so +do,does, or did+subject

Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too.

Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister.

IDENTIFICATION OF PHRASE AND CLAUSE

In the parts of speech section, you have successfully identified different parts of speech. That concept will help you more to identify different phrases and clauses. The clues for identifying different parts of speech and phrases or clauses are all the same. So you should try to understand this,

AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT

IDENTIFICATION OF PHRASE AND CLAUSE

NEGATIVE AGREEMENT

Although it is not very much important for your admission test.

Noun phrase:- If a phrase is used as the subject or object of a verb it is noun phrase.

A man of letters is respected everywhere.

Adjective phrase:- If a phrase is used to qualify a noun. It may be used with a preposition.

The river in front of my house is big.

Prepositional phrase:- When a phrase is used to relate a phrase or word in a sentence, it is prepositional phrase.

The river in front of my house is big.

Conjunction phrase:- When a phrase is used to join a clause, it is called conjunction phrase.

You should come as soon as you can.

Interjection phrase:- When a phrase is used to express emotion, it is called interjection phrase.

What a shame! You have lost.

Noun clause:- If any clause is used as the subject or object of a verb, it is then noun clause.

What is lotted cannot be blotted.

I said that it was obsolete.

Adjective Clause:- When a clause is used to qualify a noun or a pronoun it is then adjective clause.

The man who came here is poor.

I saw the ring which was lost.

- When any clause is used to qualify a verb, it is then the adverb clause.

He could not come because he was ill.

He was riding when I saw him.

PARALLELISM

The elements of a sentence that are alike in function should be alike in form.

Not parallel: Jami is rich, handsome, and many people like him.

Parallel: Jami is rich, handsome and popular.

Not parallel : Nadia likes to fish, swim and surfing.

Parallel: Nadia likes to finish, to swim and to surf.

or,

Nadia likes fishing, swimming and surfing.

Not parallel: Ashraf entered the room. sat down and is opening his book.

Parallel : Ashraf entered the room, sat down and opened his book.

Many parallel elements are linked by a co-ordinating conjunction (and, or, but) Or by correlatives                                                               [both---and, either—or, neither---nor, not only--- but also, etc].

In the following examples, verbals used as subjects and complements are parallel in form.

Seeing is believing.

To define flora is to define climate.

Repeating a preposition, an article, the ‘to’ of the infinitive, or the introductory word of a phrase or clause can make parallel structure clear.